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Description of Tongue: From Function to Lining Epithelium.

๐“๐Ž๐๐†๐”๐„:

โญ•Muscular organ in the oral cavity.

๐Ÿ”ฐ๐‘ญ๐‘ผ๐‘ต๐‘ช๐‘ป๐‘ฐ๐‘ถ๐‘ต:
1) Organ of taste.
2) Helps in –
a) Speech,
b)Mastication,
c)Deglutition

๐Ÿ”ฐ๐‘ฌ๐‘ฟ๐‘ป๐‘ฌ๐‘น๐‘ต๐‘จ๐‘ณ ๐‘ญ๐‘ฌ๐‘จ๐‘ป๐‘ผ๐‘น๐‘ฌ๐‘บ:

  1. Root: Attached to the mandible and Hyoid bone by muscle.
  2. Tip: Anterior free end, comes into contact with the central incisors.
  3. Body: Body has –
    2 surfaces: Dorsal & Ventral surface
    2 lateral borders: Right & Left borders

โญ•๐ƒ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐Ÿ๐š๐œ๐ž :
Divided by V shaped sulcus Terminalis into 2 parts-
1) Anterior 2/3rd or Oral Part.
2) Posterior 1/3rd or Pharyngeal Part.

โœจFeatures of Oral Part:

  1. A median furrow (represent the bilateral origin of tongue)
  2. Large number of Papillae/ Lingual papillae
Fig: Features of tongue.

๐Ÿ’  Papillae of Tongue:
a.Vallate Papillae- arranged in a V shaped row infront of Sulcus Terminalis.
b.Foliate Papillae- near the margin infront of Sulcus Terminalis.
c.Filiform Papillae- present in dorsum of tongue.
d.Fungiforn Papillae- present in apex and margin of the tongue.

โ—ผ๏ธFeatures of Pharyngeal Part:

1.Large number of lymphoid follicle (lingual tonsil)
2.Large number of mucus & serous gland.

โญ• ๐•๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ฅ S๐ฎ๐ซ๐Ÿ๐š๐œ๐ž:
Features of ventral surface:-
1.Frenulum Linguae- Median fold of Mucus Membrane.
2.Deep Lingual Vein- Seen on either side of Frenulum Linguae.
3.Plica Fimbriata- Lateral to the Lingual Vein.

โœช ๐‘ด๐‘ผ๐‘บ๐‘ช๐‘ณ๐‘ฌ๐‘บ ๐‘ถ๐‘ญ ๐‘ป๐‘ถ๐‘ต๐‘ฎ๐‘ผ๐‘ฌ:

โžก๏ธ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐œ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž:

1.Superior longitudinal
2.Inferior longitudinal
3.Transverse
4.Vertical

โ–ช๏ธFunction: Alter the shape of the tongue.

Fig: Muscles of tongue.

โžก๏ธ ๐„๐ฑ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐œ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž:

1.Genioglossus (Safety muscle of tongue )
2.Hyoglossus
3.Styloglossus
4.Palatoglossus

โ–ช๏ธFunction: Alter the movement of the tongue.
๐Ÿ”ฐ ๐‘จ๐‘น๐‘ป๐‘ฌ๐‘น๐‘ฐ๐‘จ๐‘ณ ๐‘บ๐‘ผ๐‘ท๐‘ท๐‘ณ๐’€ ๐‘ถ๐‘ญ ๐‘ป๐‘ถ๐‘ต๐‘ฎ๐‘ผ๐‘ฌ:

โ–ซ๏ธLingual artery- Branch of External Carotid Artery.
โ–ซ๏ธAscending Pharyngeal artery- Branch of External Carotid Artery.
โ–ซ๏ธTonsillar artery- Branch of Facial Artery.

๐Ÿ”ฐ ๐‘ณ๐’€๐‘ด๐‘ท๐‘ฏ๐‘จ๐‘ป๐‘ฐ๐‘ช ๐‘ซ๐‘น๐‘จ๐‘ฐ๐‘ต๐‘จ๐‘ฎ๐‘ฌ ๐‘ถ๐‘ญ ๐‘ป๐‘ถ๐‘ต๐‘ฎ๐‘ผ๐‘ฌ:

โ–ซ๏ธApical group:
โžก๏ธ submental lymph node
โ–ซ๏ธMarginal group:
โžก๏ธ submandibular lymph node
โ–ซ๏ธCentral group:
โžก๏ธ deep cervical lymph node
โ–ซ๏ธBasal group:
โžก๏ธ jugulo digastric lymph node
โ—ฝAll of the above drains into
โžก๏ธ Jugulo omohyoid lymph node.

๐Ÿ”ฐ ๐‘ต๐‘ฌ๐‘น๐‘ฝ๐‘ฌ ๐‘บ๐‘ผ๐‘ท๐‘ท๐‘ณ๐’€:
(With developmental background)

๐Ÿ’  Motor Supply:
๐Ÿ”นAll the muscle supplied by- Hypoglossal nerve (except Palatoglossus,which is supplied by Cranial root of accesory via Pharyngeal plexus)

Fig: Nerve supply of tongue.

๐Ÿ’  Sensory Supply:
โœจAnterior 2/3 rd –
๐Ÿ”นDevelops from 1st pharyngeal arch,
๐Ÿ”นSupplied by:
1) Lingual nerve (General sensation)
2) Chorda tympani nerve (Special sensation)

โœจPosterior 1/3rd-
๐Ÿ”นDevelops from 3rd pharyngeal arch,
๐Ÿ”นSupplied by: Glossopharyngeal nerve.

โœจ Posteriormost part:
๐Ÿ”น Develops from 4th pharyngeal arch,
๐Ÿ”นSupplied by: Internal laryngeal nerve.

๐Ÿ”ฐ ๐‘ณ๐‘ฐ๐‘ต๐‘ฐ๐‘ต๐‘ฎ ๐‘ฌ๐‘ท๐‘ฐ๐‘ป๐‘ฏ๐‘ฌ๐‘ณ๐‘ฐ๐‘ผ๐‘ด ๐‘ถ๐‘ญ ๐‘ป๐‘ถ๐‘ต๐‘ฎ๐‘ผ๐‘ฌ:
๐Ÿ’  Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium.

Tanzina Shahrin Faiza/ Central Medical College
Session: 2018 – 19

Platform Academia/ Sadia Afrin Ivy

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