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Do drugs also cause liver diseases?

💊💊Drug induced liver injury💊💊

★Pattern of drug induced liver injury:

  1. Hepatitis.
  2. Cholestasis.
  3. Steatosis.
  4. Vascular lesion.
  5. Fibrosis.

āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŋ, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ”āĻˇāĻ§ Hepatitis āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡?

  • āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ”āĻˇāĻ§āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ ā§¨ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹ Paracetamol āĻ“ Isoniazid.

★Mechanism of paracetamol induced hepatitis:
In normal state, paracetamol liver āĻ metabolized āĻšā§Ÿā§‡, toxic metabolite: N – acetyl – p – benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻž Glutathione āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ bind āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ non-toxic metabolite āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

**āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Overdose>10gm āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ NAPQI āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ bind āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ Glutathione āĻ˜āĻžāĻŸāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡, Toxic NAPQI āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ hepatocyte āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ bind āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
hepatocyte damage āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

★Mechanism of isoniazid induced hepatitis:

          Metabolism of isoniazid
                             âŦ‡ī¸
          Hydrazine ➕ Acetyl hydrazine         
                       âŦ‚           âŦƒ
               Hepatocyte damage
                             âŦ‡ī¸
                     Inflammation     

★āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŋ Cholestasis liver injury āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ”āĻˇāĻ§ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻšā§Ÿ?
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ”āĻˇāĻ§ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ ā§¨ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹ Estrogen āĻ“ ChlorpromazineāĨ¤

★Mechanism of Estrogen induced Cholestasis:
Estrogen
âŦ‡ī¸
Inhibit:
(i) Bile salt export pump
(ii) Multidrug resistance protein – 2transporter
(iii) Na – taurocholate – cotransporter
âŦ‡ī¸
Impaired of
Bile secretion from hepatocyte to
bile canaliculus
âŦ‡ī¸
Cholestasis

★Chlorpromazine āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ Cholestasis āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡?
Chlorpromazine, allergic-immune mediated bile duct injury āĻ“ inflammation āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

★Steatosis āĻ•āĻŋ ā§¨ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ?

✓Microvesicular Steatosis:
Numerous small lipid vesicles that leave the nucleus in the centre of the cell and give the hepatocytes a ‘foamy’ appearanceāĨ¤

★Basic mechanism āĻ•āĻŋāĻƒ
Impair the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids.

āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ Drugs āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡â€Ļ?
Tetracycline
Sodium valporate

✓Macrovesicular Steatosis:
Single large droplet of fat which displaces the nucleus to the periphery of the cell.

★Basic mechanism āĻ•āĻŋāĻƒ

  1. Increased hepatic synthesis of fat.
  2. Moderate decrease in fat oxidation in liver.
  3. Impaired egress of lipids out of the liver.

★āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ Drugs āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡â€Ļ?
Tamoxifen
Amiodarone

★āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŋ Vascular lesion āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻšā§ŸāĻƒ
Drugs
âŦ‡ī¸
Damage to hepatic vascular endothelium
âŦ‡ī¸
Formation of thrombus
âŦ‡ī¸
Venous outflow obstruction

**Vascular lesion āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ”āĻˇāĻ§ āĻšāĻ˛ Anti-cancer drug “Busulfan”āĨ¤

★Hepatic Fibrosis: Methotrexate drugs hepatic fibrosis āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

★Mechanism:
Methotrexate
âŦ‡ī¸
Inhibit Production of
methionine from hemocystine
âŦ‡ī¸
Excess accumulation of hemocystine
âŦƒ âŦ‚
Oxidative stress Activation of
âŦ‡ī¸ Pro-inflammatory cytokine
âŦ‚ âŦƒ
Activation of hepatic stellate cells
âŦ‡ī¸
Fibrosis

(āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ° āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨)

Towhidul Islam Topu
Rajshahi medical college
Session:2016-17
Nirupuma /Platform Academia

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