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Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

🔹What is SLE ?

â–Ēī¸SLE āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž autoimmune disease āϝ⧇āϟāĻž almost all system āϕ⧇ affect āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

🔹Definition āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇,

â–Ēī¸SLE is an autoimmune disease in which organs & cells undergo damage mediated by antibodies & immune complex.

âŦ›Age Group

â–Ēī¸āϏāĻŦ āĻŦā§Ÿā§‡āϏ⧇āχ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ 90% patients are women of child bearing yearsāĨ¤

âŦ›Pathophysiology

â–Ēī¸SLE āĻāϰ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āϟ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦ⧜ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āφāϏ⧁āύ āφāĻĒāĻžāϤāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻŦ⧁āĻā§‡ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤

â–Ēī¸SLE āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻž āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž Bullet, āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻž TriggerāĨ¤

â–Ēī¸āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāχ Bullet & Trigger āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇?

â–Ēī¸Bullet āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ Gene āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ SLE āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ Susceptible āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ susceptibility gene āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ gene āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ⧇ C1q, C2 & C4 āĻāϰ deficiency āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻĢāϞ⧇ cellular function impaired āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

â–Ēī¸āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟāϰ SLE āĻāϰ trigger āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ-

â–Ģī¸Infection (Viral or Bacterial)– EBV
â–Ģī¸Environmental Toxin (Smoking)
â–Ģī¸UV- Light
â–Ģī¸Pregnancy
â–Ģī¸Certain Drugs– Procainamide, Hydralazine, Isoniazide etc.

â–Ēī¸āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāϏ⧇āύ Trigger āĻšā§‡āĻĒ⧇ Bullet āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ SLE āĻāϰ pathophysiology fire āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤

â–Ēī¸āϧāϰ⧇āύ, āϕ⧇āω āĻāĻ•āϜāύ UV-light āĻ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ exposed āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āϗ⧇āϞ⧋āĨ¤ āĻāχ UV-light āϤāĻžāϰ cell āĻāϰ DNA āϕ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ damage āĻ•āϰāϞ⧋ āϝ⧇ āϐ cell āϗ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ–āύ apoptosis āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝ āĨ¤

â–Ēī¸Apoptosis āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ Apoptotic body āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ cell āĻāϰ āϭ⧇āϤāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ Nuclear material āϏāĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ –
â–Ģī¸DNA
â–Ģī¸Histones
â–Ģī¸Other proteins.

â–Ēī¸āĻāĻ–āύ bullet Susceptibility gene immune system āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ āϝ⧇ āĻāχ Nuclear Material āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ foreign antigenāĨ¤ āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āϰ⧇ āφāϧāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻ–āύ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ attackāĨ¤

â–Ēī¸āϤāĻžāĻ›āĻžā§œāĻžāĻ“ āĻāχ susceptibility gene apoptotic body āĻāϰ clearance āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻĢāϞ⧇ apoptotic body & nuclear antigen āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžā§œāϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

â–Ēī¸āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ āϘāϟāύāĻž easyāĨ¤ B cell āϘ⧁āϰāϤ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ nuclear antigen āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āϏ⧇ antibody produce āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

â–Ģī¸Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
â–Ģī¸Anti dsAntibody
â–Ģī¸Antiphospholipid antibody
â–Ģī¸Anti smAntibody

â–Ēī¸āĻāχ antibody nuclear antigens āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāĻļ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ Antigen-Antibody ComplexāĨ¤ āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āϤāĻž blood āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ Organ āĻ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ deposit āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ inflammation āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻ˛ā§āϟāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āϟāϞāĻŋ tissue & organ damage āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

âŦ›Clinical feature

â–Ģī¸Symptom āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ fever, weight loss āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ system involve āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ symptom āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤

🔹When skin is involved

â–Ģī¸Malar Rash
â–Ģī¸Discoid rash
â–Ģī¸Urticarial Eruption
â–Ģī¸Livedo reticularis
â–Ģī¸Raynaud’s Phenomenon

SLE can present with Raynaud’s PhenomenonāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻžāϕ⧇ Primary Raynaud’s Phenomenon āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ criteria āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤

â–Ģī¸Age> 25
â–Ģī¸Absence of family History
â–Ģī¸Male
â–Ģī¸Examination of capillary nail fold show loss of normal loop pattern

🔹When joints are involved

â–Ģī¸Arthritis
â–Ģī¸Jaccoud’s arthropathy (if tendon damage)

🔹When kidney is involved

â–Ģī¸Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
â–Ģī¸Presents with
â–Ģī¸Heavy haematuria
â–Ģī¸Proteinuria
â–Ģī¸Cast in urine

🔹When cardiovascular system is involved

â–Ģī¸Pericarditis
â–Ģī¸Myocarditis
â–Ģī¸Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
â–Ģī¸Hypercoagulability
â–Ģī¸Risk of MI & Stroke

🔹When Lung is involved

â–Ģī¸Pleuritic pain
â–Ģī¸Pleural effusion
â–Ģī¸Pneumonitis
â–Ģī¸Pulmonary fibrosis leads to breathlessness

🔹Neurological

â–Ģī¸Fatigue
â–Ģī¸Headache
â–Ģī¸Seizure
â–Ģī¸Psychosis
â–Ģī¸Hallucination
â–Ģī¸Chorea

🔹Haematological

â–Ģī¸Neutropenia
â–Ģī¸Lymphopenia
â–Ģī¸Thrombocytopenia
â–Ģī¸Haemolytic anemia

🔹Gastrointestinal

â–Ģī¸Oral Ulcer
â–Ģī¸Abdominal Pain
â–Ģī¸Bowel infarction or perforation

âŦ›Diagnostic criteria

â–Ēī¸āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡ 11 āϟāĻž criteria āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ 4 āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϗ⧇āϞ⧇āχ suspect āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ SLEāĨ¤

â–Ģī¸Malar rash
â–Ģī¸Discoid rash
â–Ģī¸Photosensitivity
â–Ģī¸Oral ulcers
â–Ģī¸Arthritis
â–Ģī¸Serositis
â–Ģī¸Renal disorder
â–Ģī¸Neurological disorder
â–Ģī¸Haematological disorder
â–Ģī¸Immunological test to see presence of antibody
â–Ģī¸Antinuclear antibody

âŦ›Investigation

â–Ģī¸Complete blood count with Erythrocyte Segmentation Rate
â–Ģī¸Urine analysis
â–Ģī¸Serum Complement level
â–Ģī¸Autoantibody test
â–Ģī¸Skin biopsy
â–Ģī¸Computed Tomography(CT)/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)in cerebral lupus
â–Ģī¸Electrocardiogram

âŦ›Treatment

🔹Educate the patient about the disease
🔹Advice to avoid Sun & UV light exposure

🔹Mild to moderate disease

â–Ģī¸Analgesics & NSAID for pain
â–Ģī¸Hydroxychloroquine
â–Ģī¸Gucocorticoids
â–Ģī¸Azathioprine

🔹Severe & Life threatening disease

â–Ģī¸High dose glucocorticoid & immunosuppressants
Commonly used regimen is pulsed methylprednisolone+cyclophosphamide
🔹After that maintenance therapy is given.

Reefat Adil
Session:2015-16
JRRMC.

Platform Academic/Avijit Bagchi

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